Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
Volume 39, Issue 8 , Pages 192-213 , September 2009

International Child Health: State of the Art

References 

  1. http://www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdf.
  2. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals.
  3. Meguid T. Lack of political will is a clinical issue. BMJ. 2009;338:b1013
  4. Farmer P. Challenging orthodoxies: The road ahead for health and human rights. Health Hum Rights Intl J. 2008;10:5–19
  5. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateoftheart.
  6. Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA, Pollitt E, et al. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369:145–157
  7. WHO. Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, June 19-22 1946, and entered into force on April 7, 1948.
  8. Morley D. Paediatric priorities in the developing world. London: Butterworths; 1973;
  9. Claeson M, Gillespie D, Mshinda H, Troedsson H, Victora CG Bellagio Study Group on Child Survival. Knowledge into action for child survival. Lancet. 2003;362:323–327
  10. Bryce J, Black RE, Walker N, Bhutta ZA, Lawn J, Steketee RW. Can the world afford to save the lives of 6 million children each year?. Lancet. 2005;365:2193–2200
  11. http://www.who.int/whr/2005/en.
  12. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2006: Working Together For Health. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2006;
  13. http://www.childinfo.org.
  14. Shonkoff J, Boyce T. J Am Med Assoc 2009 (in press).
  15. Haines A, Cassels A. Can the millennium development goals be attained?. BMJ. 2004;329:394–397
  16. Sachs JD, McArthur JW. The millennium project: A plan for meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Lancet. 2005;365:347–353
  17. Victoria CG, Wagstaff A, Schellenberg JA, Gwatkin D, Claeson M, Habicht JP. Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: More of the same is not enough. Lancet. 2003;362:233–241
  18. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2009. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2009;
  19. Rosenberg M. Global child health: Burden of disease, achievements, and future challenges. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2007;37:338–362
  20. http://www.who.int/child_adolescent_health/documents/lancet_child_survival/en/.
  21. http://www.who.int.
  22. http://www.lodoi.com.
  23. http://www.pih.org.
  24. Walton DA, Farmer PE, Lambert W, Leandre F, Koenig SP, Mukherjee JS. Integrated HIV prevention and care strengthens primary health care: Lessons from rural Haiti. J Pub Health Policy. 2004;25:159–161
  25. Mukherjee JS, Eustach RE. Community Health workers as a cornerstone for integrating HIV and primary healthcare. AIDS Care. 2007;19(Suppl 1):S73–S82
  26. Drobac PC, Mukherjee JS, Joseph JK, Mitnick C, Furin JJ, del Castillo H, et al. Community-based therapy for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Pediatrics. 2006;117:2022–2029
  27. http://www.searchgadchiroli.org.
  28. Bang AT, Reddy HM, Deshmakh MD, Baitule SB, Bang RA. Neonatal and infant mortality in the ten years (1993-2003) of the Gadchinoli field trial: Effect of home based neonatal care. J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S92–S107
  29. Bang AT, Bang RA, Reddy HM. Home-based neonatal care: Summary and applications of the field trial in rural Gadchiroli, India (1993 to 2003). J Perinatol. 2005;25:S108–S122
  30. Bang AT, Bang RA, Baitule SB, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD. Management of birth asphyxia in home deliveries in rural Gadchinoli: The effect of two types of birth attendants and of resuscitating with mouth to mouth, tube mask or bag mask. J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S82–S91
  31. Bang AT, Baitule SB, Reddy HM, Deshmukh MD, Bang RA. Low birthweight and preterm neonates: Can they be managed at home by mother and a trained village health worker?. J Perinatol. 2005;25(Suppl 1):S72–S81
  32. Rey ES, Martinez EG. Manejo Racional del niño prematuro. In: Curso de Medicina Fetal. Bogotá, Colômbia: Universidad Nacional; 1983;p. 137–151
  33. Charpak N, Ruiz JG, Zupan J, Cattaneo A, Figueroa Z, Tessier R, et al. Kangaroo mother care: 25 years later. Acta Paediatr. 2005;94:514–522
  34. Whitelaw A, Sleath K. Myth of the marsupial mother: Home care of very low birthweight babies in Bogotá, Colombia. Lancet. 1985;1:1206–1208
  35. Conde-Agudelo A, Diaz-Rossello JL, Belizán JM. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;:CD002771.
  36. Sloan NL, Camacho LW, Rojas EP, Stern C. Kangaroo mother method: Randomised controlled trial of an alternative method of care for stabilised low-birthweight infants (Maternidad Isidro Ayora Study Team). Lancet. 1994;344:782–785
  37. Akcan E, Yiğit R, Atici A. The effect of kangaroo care on pain in premature infants during invasive procedures. Turk J Pediatr. 2009;51:14–18
  38. Blencowe H, Kerac J, Molyneux E. Safety, effectiveness and barriers to follow-up using an “Early Discharge” kangaroo care policy in a resource poor setting. J Trop Pediatr. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].
  39. Galler JR, Waber D, Harrison R, Ramsey F. Behavioral effects of childhood malnutrition. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;8:167–172
  40. Lozoff B, Jimenez E, Smith JB. Double burden of iron deficiency in infancy and low socioeconomic status: A longitudinal analysis of cognitive test scores to age 19 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160:1108–1113
  41. Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: Consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet. 2008;371:340–357
  42. Grantham-McGregor S, Bheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B, et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369:60–70
  43. Engle PL, Black MM, Behrman JR, Cabral de Mello M, Gertler PJ, Kapiriri L, et al. Strategies to avoid the loss of developmental potential in more than 200 million children in the developing world. Lancet. 2007;369:229–242
  44. Manary MJ, Sandige HL. Management of acute moderate and severe childhood malnutrition. BMJ. 2008;337:a2180;[10.1136/bmj.a2180].
  45. WHO, WFP, UNSCN, UNICEF. Community-Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition. Geneva: WHO; 2007;
  46. Manary MJ, Ndkeha MJ, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Briend A. Home based therapy for severe malnutrition with ready-to-use food. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89:557–561
  47. Maleta K, Kuittinen J, Duggan MB, Briend A, Manary M, Wales J, et al. Supplementary feeding of underweight, stunted Malawian children with a ready-to-use food. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;38:152–158
  48. http://www.projectpeanutbutter.org.
  49. Galler JR, Ramsey F. A follow-up study of the influence of early malnutrition on development: Behavior at home and at school. J Am Acad Child Adol Psychiatry. 1989;28:254–261
  50. Galler JR, Ramsey F, Solimano G. The influence of early malnutrition on subsequent behavioral development III (Learning disabilities). Pediatr Res. 1984;18:309–313
  51. Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute, Frazer H, National Nutrition Centre (Barbados) and Ennis M. Nutrition Country Profile of Barbados. 2003. Available from: http://www.FAO.org.
  52. http://www.PAHO.org.
  53. Joshi R. Saving lives in Nepal through vitamin A distribution. 2005;http://www.unicef.org/early childhood/index_30261.html
  54. Fiedler JL. The Nepal national vitamin A program: Prototype to emulate or donor enclave?. Health Policy Plann. 2000;15:145–156
  55. Bhattacharya S, Black R, Bourgeois L, Clemens J, Cravioto A, Deen JL, et al. The cholera crisis in Africa. Science. 2009;324:885
  56. Garrett V, Ogutu P, Mabonga P, Ombeki S, Mwaki A, Aluoch G, et al. Diarrhoea prevention in a high-risk rural Kenyan population through point-of-use chlorination, safe water storage, sanitation, and rainwater harvesting. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136:1463–1471
  57. O'Reilly CD, Freeman MC, Ravani M, Migele J, Mwaki A, Ayalo M, et al. The impact of a school-based safe water and hygiene programme on knowledge and practices of students and their parents: Nyanza Province, western Kenya, 2006. Epidemiol Infect. 2008;136:80–91
  58. Mukutsa P, Nzaku K, Ogutu P, Barasa P, Ombeki S, Mwaki A, et al. Challenges in implementing a point of use water quality intervention in rural Kenya. Am J Pub Health. 2001;91:1571–1573
  59. Lule JR, Mermin J, Ekwaru JP, Malamba S, Downing R, Ransom R, et al. Effect of home-based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:926–933
  60. Thevos AN, Kaona KA, Siajunza MT, Quick RE. Adoption of safe water behaviors in Zambia: Comparing educational and motivational approaches. Educ Health. 2000;13:366–376
  61. Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner L, et al. Diarrhea prevention through household level water disinfection and safe storage in Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66:584–589
  62. http://www.reliefweb.org.
  63. Olness K, Torjesen K, Mandalakas A. How to Help the Children in Humanitarian Disasters. 2nd Edition. Kenyon (MN): Health Frontiers; 2006;
  64. Balaban V. Psychological assessment of children in disasters and emergencies. Disasters. 2006;30:178–198
  65. Hagan JF American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, Task Force on Terrorism. Psychosocial implications of disaster or terrorism on children: A guide for the pediatrician. Pediatrics. 2005;116:787–795
  66. Allen GM, Parrillo SJ, Will J, Mohr JA. Principles of disaster planning for the pediatric population. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2007;22:537–540
  67. Reissman D, Schreiber MD, Shultz JM, Ursano RJ. Disaster mental and behavioral health. In:  Koenig KL,  Schultz CH editor. Disaster medicine. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2009;
  68. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/paraguay_23016.html.
  69. Piyavhatkul N, Pairojkul S, Suphakunpinyo C. Psychiatric disorders in tsunami-affected children in Ranong province, Thailand. Med Princ Pract. 2008;17:290–295
  70. http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/girlsstories.
  71. http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org.
  72. Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children. Beyond firewood: Fuel alternatives and protection strategies for displaced women and girls. 2006;http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/fuel.pdf
  73. Women's commission for refugee women and children. From the ground up: education and livelihoods in southern Sudan. 2007;http://www.womenscommission.org/pdf/sd_ground.pdf
  74. Women's Refugee Commission. Refugee Girls: The Invisible Faces of War. New York: Pearson; 2009;
  75. Berde CB, Sethna NF. Analgesics for the treatment of pain in children. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1094–1103
  76. Stephens BK, Barkey ME, Hall HR. Techniques to comfort children during stressful procedures. Adv Mind Body Med. 1999;15:49–60
  77. Krauss B, Green SM. Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. Lancet. 2006;367:766–780
  78. Tsao CI, Zeltzer LK. Complementary and alternative medicine approaches for pediatric pain: A review of the state-of-the-science. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2005;2:149–159
  79. Olness K. Effects on brain development leading to cognitive impairment: A worldwide Epidemic. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2003;24:120–130
  80. http://www.ummeed.org.
  81. Beaglehole R, Dal Poz MR. Public health workforce: Challenges and policy issues. Hum Resour Health. 2003;1:4
  82. Kabene SM, Orchard C, Howard JM, Soriano MA, Leduc R. The importance of human resources management in health care: A global context. Hum Resour Health. 2006;4:20
  83. Buchan J. What difference does (“good”) HRM make?. Hum Resour Health. 2004;2:6
  84. http://www.human-resources-health.com.
  85. http://www.hrhresourcecenter.org.
  86. Freedman LP, Waldman RJ, de Pinho H, Wirth ME, Chowdery AMR, Rosenfield A. Who's got the power?. In: Transforming Health Systems for Women and Children. UN Millennium Project. Task Force on Child Health and Maternal Health. 2005;http://www.unmillenniumproject.org
  87. Ferrinho P, Van Lerberghe W, Fronteira I, Hipólito F, Biscaia A. Dual practice in the Health Sector: Review of the evidence. Hum Resour Health. 2004;2:14
  88. WHO. Task Shifting: Rational Redistribution of Tasks Among Health Workforce Teams: Global Recommendations and Guidelines. Geneva: WHO; 2008;Available from: http://www.who.int.
  89. http://www.who.int/whosis/en/index.html.
  90. Olness K, Torjesen H. Use of volunteers to help launch a pediatric residency program in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Ambul Child Health. 2001;7:109–119
  91. Gordon G, Vonvichit E, Hansana V, Torjesen K. A model for improving physician performance in developing countries: A three-year postgraduate training program in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Acad Med. 2006;81:399–404
  92. http://www.child-to-child.org.
  93. In:  Hawes H,  Bailey D,  Bonato G editor. Child to Child: A Resource Book. 3rd Edition. London, UK: The Child to Child Trust; 2009;
  94. http://www.unicef.org/albania/education_8440.html.
  95. http://www.child-to-child.org/resources/index.html.
  96. http://www.talcuk.org.

 The authors have no funding sources, no conflicts of interest, and no competing interests related to this work.

PII: S1538-5442(09)00063-7

doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.06.002

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care
Volume 39, Issue 8 , Pages 192-213 , September 2009

Article Tools